Molecular Psychiatry 15, 1067-1074 (November 2010) |
doi:10.1038/mp.2010.
A
neuropeptide S receptor variant associated with overinterpretation of
fear reactions: a potential neurogenetic basis for catastrophizing
K A Raczka, N Gartmann, M-L Mechias, A Reif, C Büchel, J Deckert and R Kalisch
Poco a poco los datos provenientes de la genética molecular vienen al auxilio de disciplinas médicas que como la psiquiatría se encuentran bastante huérfanas de bases científicas. El ejemplo que he escogido tiene que ver con una investigación para desentrañar la base genética de las reacciones de pánico así como las regiones del cerebro en las que se desencadenan.
En el presente trabajo, publicado en "Nature", uno de los principales protagonistas es el neuropéptido S (NPS), una proteina G recientemente descubierta que se acopla a un ligando- receptor que modula las reacciones de pánico en ratas (rodentes). Un polimorfismo Adenina-Timina (A-T) en el gen NPSR1 que "codifica" el neuropéptido receptor humano confiere una eficacia 10 veces mayor al NPS "in vitro", y se asocia al trastorno de pánico.
Los investigadores también evaluaron datos de voluntarios normales de acuerdo con pruebas clásicas para provocar reacciones de temor. Los portadores del alelo NPSR1 estimaron como más pronunciadas sus reacciones ante estímulos condicionados (CSs) en comparación de los participantes A-A.
Abstract
Neuropeptide
S (NPS) is a recently discovered G protein-coupled receptor ligand that
modulates fear-like behaviors in rodents. A frequent A>T
single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human NPS receptor gene NPSR1
confers a 10-fold higher efficacy of NPS signaling in vitro and has
been linked with panic disorder (PD). We here report data from a
classical fear-conditioning paradigm in healthy normal volunteers, in
which carriers of the NPSR1 T allele evaluated their fear reactions to
conditioned stimuli (CSs) as more pronounced than AA homozygous
participants, although they did not show elevated
peripheral-physiological conditioned responses (skin conductance
responses—SCRs). T carriers also exhibited stronger CS-evoked brain
activity in the rostral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), an area
that supports the explicit, conscious appraisal of threat stimuli. By
contrast, more caudally situated mid-dmPFC, which has previously been
associated with the generation of SCRs, showed no elevated response.
Moreover, rostral dmPFC activation was correlated with participants’
fear evaluations, further strengthening the link of this activation to
increased individual fear appraisal. Our data suggest a genetic and
neuroanatomical substrate for catastrophizing overinterpretations of
fear reactions and provide a mechanistic explanation for the
association between the NPSR1 T allele and PD.
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