Efectos a largo plazo de organismos genéticamente manipulados

GMO Scandal: The Long Term Effects of Genetically Modified Food on Humans
By F. William Engdahl

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo proporcionar algunos elementos de juicio en torno a los posibles riesgos, a largo plazo, de alimentos procedentes de cultivos transgénicos, los conocidos organismos genéticamente manipulados(GMO). La verdad es que con la vertiginosa expansión de tales productos es muy improbable que uno no estuviera en permanente contacto con alguno de ellos. Del futuro no se sabe demasiado. Es decir, que al final todos calvos.

Url of this article:

http://www.globalresearch.ca/gmo-scandal-the-long-term-effects-of-genetically-modified-food-on-humans/14570

One of the great mysteries surrounding the spread of GMO plants around the world since the first commercial crops were released in the early 1990’s in the USA and Argentina has been the absence of independent scientific studies of possible long-term effects of a diet of GMO plants on humans or even rats. Now it has come to light the real reason. The GMO agribusiness companies like Monsanto, BASF, Pioneer, Syngenta and others prohibit independent research.
An editorial in the respected American scientific monthly magazine, Scientific American, August 2009 reveals the shocking and alarming reality behind the proliferation of GMO products throughout the food chain of the planet since 1994. There are no independent scientific studies published in any reputed scientific journal in the world for one simple reason. It is impossible to independently verify that GMO crops such as Monsanto Roundup Ready Soybeans or MON8110 GMO maize perform as the company claims, or that, as the company also claims, that they have no harmful side effects because the GMO companies forbid such tests. That’s right. As a precondition to buy seeds, either to plant for crops or to use in research study, Monsanto and the gene giant companies must first sign an End User Agreement with the company. For the past decade, the period when the greatest proliferation of GMO seeds in agriculture has taken place, Monsanto, Pioneer (DuPont) and Syngenta require anyone buying their GMO seeds to sign an agreement that explicitly forbids that the seeds be used for any independent research. Scientists are prohibited from testing a seed to explore under what conditions it flourishes or even fails. They cannot compare any characteristics of the GMO seed with any other GMO or non-GMO seeds from another company. Most alarming, they are prohibited from examining whether the genetically modified crops lead to unintended side-effects either in the environment or in animals or humans.

The only research which is permitted to be published in reputable scientific peer-reviewed journals are studies which have been pre-approved by Monsanto and the other industry GMO firms.

The entire process by which GMO seeds have been approved in the United States, beginning with the proclamation by then President George H.W. Bush in 1992, on request of Monsanto, that no special Government tests of safety for GMO seeds would be conducted because they were deemed by the President to be “substantially equivalent” to non-GMO seeds, has been riddled with special interest corruption. Former attorneys for Monsanto were appointed responsible in EPA and FDA for rules governing GMO seeds as but one example and no Government tests of GMO seed safety to date have been carried out. All tests are provided to the US Government on GMO safety or performance by the companies themselves such as Monsanto. Little wonder that GMO sounds to positive and that Monsanto and others can falsely claim GMO is the “solution to world hunger.”

In the United States a group of twenty four leading university corn insect scientists have written to the US Government Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) demanding the EPA force a change to the company censorship practice. It is as if Chevrolet or Tata Motors or Fiat tried to censor comparative crash tests of their cars in Consumer Reports or a comparable consumer publication because they did not like the test results. Only this deals with the human and animal food chain. The scientists rightly argue to EPA that food safety and environment protection “depend on making plant products available to regular scientific scrutiny.” We should think twice before we eat that next box of American breakfast cereal if the corn used is GMO .


F. William Engdahl is author of Full Spectrum Dominance: Totalitarian Democracy in the New World Order. He may be contacted via his website at www.engdahl.oilgeopolitics.net.

Gran hermano Google

Leo en "El País" que "Google" ha suprimido ipso facto una inocente aplicación que permitía, de forma medio jocosa y más bien tontaina, transformar una fotografía propia en algo así como el estereotipo de un chino (o perdón, un asiático) o de un aborigen americano (un indio de western, vamos). La verdad es que no sé hasta que punto va a llegar la pretendida corrección política. Parece que no habrá lugar para el sentido del humor, ya que dicho programa no insultaba   a nadie que no se lo cogiera con papel de fumar. Los mismos remilgos tiene el coloso buscador con el cuerpo humano: prueben a colgar un desnudo, así sea la mismísima "La maja desnuda" (por más que la vestida  es, con diferencia, mucho más sensual) y es posible que les denieguen el servicio. Supongo que las fiestas de carnaval y el espíritu transgresor de esos días que preceden a la Cuaresma, resultan muy impropias para el servicio de Google: Así que nada de disfraces provocativos, por si acaso.
El mundo en que nos ha tocado vivir nos sirve en directo y a la hora de la cena, horrendas visiones de las múltiples guerras desatadas. Si se captura a un fugitivo y se le ultima como a un perro rabioso, contemplamos sus despojos extasiados y tranquilos. Que profunda hipocresía, que doble moral galopante. Que miedo a las palabras. Miles de niños vietnamitas resultaron heridos, muertos o abrasados con napalm. Pero ojo, nada de disfrazarse de asiático de opereta. Y qué decir de los aborígenes norteamericanos, masacrados y reducidos a reservas, casi como un antecedente de los campos de exterminio.

Barra libre de ADN

Identifying Personal Genomes by Surname Inference

1. Melissa Gymrek¹,²,³,⁴, 
2. Amy L. McGuire⁵, 
3. David Golan⁶, 
4. Eran Halperin⁷,⁸,⁹, 
5. Yaniv Erlich¹,*

El presente artículo, publicado en "Science", viene a demostrar la afirmación bíblica de que nada permanecerá oculto. Pues bien, las cosas son así: el Proyecto Genoma Humano y otros esfuerzos para conocer la plantilla genética del Homo Sapiens se gestó mediante la secuenciación del ADN de indivíduos anónimos. Es decir nadie revela su constitución genética particular (excepto aquellos delincuentes que se han ganado a pulso que la policía los tenga registrados hasta por el perfil genético en una base de datos). Pero no es el caso de un paper en el que el equipo investigador cruza datos y, un poquito por aquí y otro tanto por otro lado, y a base de emplear información libre de internet, llega a identificar algunos de los donantes. El asunto no es moco de pavo. Con los denominados metadatos tales como edad y región geográfica de procedencia y las secuencias génicas, se le pone nombre y apellidos a la información científica. Vamos, un Gran Hermano íntimo y familiar. Si ellos lo hicieron lo puede hacer cualquiera.

+Author Affiliations

1. ¹Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
2. ²Harvard–Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
3. ³Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
4. ⁴Department of Molecular Biology and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
5. ⁵Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
6. ⁶Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
7. ⁷School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
8. ⁸Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
9. ⁹The International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.

1. ↵*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yaniv@wi.mit.edu

ABSTRACT

Sharing sequencing data sets without identifiers has become a common practice in genomics. Here, we report that surnames can be recovered from personal genomes by profiling short tandem repeats on the Y chromosome (Y-STRs) and querying recreational genetic genealogy databases. We show that a combination of a surname with other types of metadata, such as age and state, can be used to triangulate the identity of the target. A key feature of this technique is that it entirely relies on free, publicly accessible Internet resources. We quantitatively analyze the probability of identification for U.S. males. We further demonstrate the feasibility of this technique by tracing back with high probability the identities of multiple participants in public sequencing projects.

Los mitos de la felicidad marital

Generalmente cuando la gente se casa siente una gran alegría, vive un subidón de felicidad. Lo malo es que no dura demasiado. Richard E. Lucas ha estudiado el asunto y afirma que más o menos dos años. La pasión dura todavía menos y en el mejor de los casos evoluciona y se convierte en un profundo afecto, gusto por la otra persona y cercanía. Tal parece que "lo de hasta que la muerte nos separe" no tiene mucho fundamento científico. Pero los entendidos afirman que el matrimonio puede salvarse si la pareja se lo trabaja en el plano afectivo. De otra manera la rutina mata las más fructíferas relaciones.

"Studies by Richard E. Lucas and colleagues at Michigan State University have shown that the happiness boost that occurs with marriage lasts only about two years, after which people revert to their former levels of happiness — or unhappiness.

Infatuation and passion have even shorter life spans, and must evolve into “companionate love, composed more of deep affection, connection and liking,” according to Sonya Lyubomirsky, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Riverside.

In her new book, “The Myths of Happiness,” Dr. Lyubomirsky describes a slew of research-tested actions and words that can do wonders to keep love alive.

She points out that the natural human tendency to become “habituated” to positive circumstances — to get so used to things that make us feel good that they no longer do — can be the death knell of marital happiness. Psychologists call it “hedonic adaptation”: things that thrill us tend to be short-lived."

Hacer dieta vegetariana sin morir en el intento

Cómo iniciarse en la nutrición vegetariana y no perecer en el intento por Tara Parker-Bond. Yo no soy vegetariana pero de vez en cuando disfruto muchísimo con buenos platos veganos. Con frecuencia en los viajes en avión opto por la selección vegana, ya que al menos me sirven antes y sé lo que voy a tragar.

NONDAIRY MILK : Pruebe distintas leches de origen vegetal. Aquí se recomienda la de soja. Opino lo mismo que Parker-Bond:sabe muy bien.

Taste all of them to find your favorite. Coconut and almond milks (particularly canned coconut milk) are thicker and good to use in cooking, while rice milk is thinner and is good for people who are allergic to nuts or soy. My daughter and I both prefer the taste of soy milk and use it in regular or vanilla flavor for fruit smoothies and breakfast cereal. 

NONDAIRY CHEESE : Queso sin queso es casi imposible. Se aconsejan el tofú, el miso y otras combinaciones.

Cheese substitutes are available under the brand names Daiya, Tofutti and Follow Your Heart, among others, but many vegans say there’s no fake cheese that satisfies as well as the real thing. Rather than use a packaged product, vegan chefs prefer to make homemade substitutes using cashews, tofu, miso or nutritional yeast. AtCandle 79, a popular New York vegan restaurant, the filling for saffron ravioli with wild mushrooms and cashew cheese is made with cashews soaked overnight and then blended with lemon juice, olive oil, water and salt.

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What a

 Think creamy, not cheessy: Aqui se sugieren varias mezclas: pasta de pesto y aguacate, cebolla caramelizada.

Creaminess and richness can often be achieved without a cheese substitute. For instance, Chloe Coscarelli, a vegan chef and the author of “Chloe’s Kitchen,” has created a pizza with caramelized onion and butternut squash that will make you forget it doesn’t have cheese; the secret is white-bean and garlic purée. She also offers a creamy, but dairy-free, avocado pesto pasta. My daughter and I have discovered we actually prefer the rich flavor of butternut squash ravioli, which can be found frozen and fresh in supermarkets, to cheese-filled ravioli.

NUTRITIONAL YEAST : Se recomiendan las levaduras con sabor a queso (?).

The name is unappetizing, but many vegan chefs swear by it: it’s a natural food with a roasted, nutty, cheeselike flavor. Ms. Coscarelli uses nutritional yeast flakes in her “best ever” baked macaroni and cheese (found in her cookbook). “I’ve served this to die-hard cheese lovers,” she told me, “and everyone agrees it is comparable, if not better.”

Susan Voisin’s Web site, Fat Free Vegan Kitchen, offers a nice primer on nutritional yeast, noting that it’s a fungus (think mushrooms!) that is grown on molasses and then harvested and dried with heat. (Baking yeast is an entirely different product.) Nutritional yeasts can be an acquired taste, she said, so start with small amounts, sprinkling on popcorn, stirring into mashed potatoes, grinding with almonds for a Parmesan substitute or combining with tofu to make an eggless omelet. It can be found in Whole Foods, in the bulk aisle of natural-foods markets or online.

BUTTER : Margarinas vegetales

This is an easy fix. Vegan margarines like Earth Balance are made from a blend of oils and are free of trans fats. Varieties include soy-free, whipped and olive oil.

EGGS :Se describe un "mejunje" con vinagre y bicarbonato. El tofú puede simular una tortilla.

Ms. Coscarelli, who won the Food Network’s Cupcake Wars with vegan cupcakes, says vinegar and baking soda can help baked goods bind together and rise, creating a moist and fluffy cake without eggs. Cornstarch can substitute for eggs to thicken puddings and sauces. Vegan pancakes are made with a tablespoon of baking powder instead of eggs. Frittatas and omelets can be replicated with tofu.

No se castigue. Es imposible reproducir sus platos preferidos como las sangrientas hamburguesas, los grasos chuletones y el apetitoso jamón. Jamás dará con algo vegetariano que sepa parecido.

Finally, don’t try to replicate your favorite meaty foods right away. If you love a juicy hamburger, meatloaf or ham sandwich, you are not going to find a meat-free version that tastes the same. Ms. Voisin advises new vegans to start slow and eat a few vegan meals a week. Stock your pantry with lots of grains, lentils and beans and pile your plate with vegetables. To veganize a recipe, start with a dish that is mostly vegan already — like spaghetti — and use vegetables or a meat substitute for the sauce.

“Trying to recapture something and find an exact substitute is really hard,” she said. “A lot of people will try a vegetarian meatloaf right after they become vegetarian, and they hate it. But after you get away from eating meat for a while, you’ll find you start to develop other tastes, and the flavor of a lentil loaf with seasonings will taste great to you. It won’t taste like meat loaf, but you’ll appreciate it for itself.”

Ms. Voisin notes that she became a vegetarian and then vegan while living in a small town in South Carolina; she now lives in Jackson, Miss.

“If I can be a vegan in these not-quite-vegan-centric places, you can do it anywhere,” she said. “I think people who try to do it all at once overnight are more apt to fail. It’s a learning process.”

Genes viajeros: Desde la India a Australia

Genomes link aboriginal Australians to Indians

Mingling of genes four millennia ago suggests continent was not isolated after all.

• Ed Yong

  The ancestors of Australia's Aboriginal populations were not as genetically isolated from the rest of the world as once thought.

PENNY TWEEDIE/CORBIS

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El estudio detallado del genoma puede aportar datos inesperados. Como los resultados que aquí aparecen. Hasta ahora se prensaba que los aborígenes australianos habían permanecido aislados en su mundo sin otros contactos. De análisis comparativos de su genoma resulta que no es cierto. Los aborígenes de Australia estuvieron en contacto con olas de migración procedentes de India con los se ha demostrado que comparten hasta un 11% de su ADN. ("Nature")

Some aboriginal Australians can trace as much as 11% of their genomes to migrants who reached the island around 4,000 years ago from India, a study suggests. Along with their genes, the migrants brought different tool-making techniques and the ancestors of the dingo, researchers say¹.

This scenario is the result of a large genetic analysis outlined today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences¹. It contradicts a commonly held view that Australia had no contact with the rest of the world between the arrival of the first humans around 45,000 years ago and the coming of Europeans in the eighteenth century.

“Australia is thought to represent one of the earliest migrations for humans after they left Africa, but it seemed pretty isolated after that,” says Mark Stoneking, a geneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, who led the study.

Alerta mundial por coronavirus

A new coronavirus found in the Middle East is one of a family of viruses named after the corona-like appearance of their surface spikes.

ELIZABETH R. FISCHER, ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABS/NIAID/NIH  

La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha declarado estado de alerta frente al coronavirus 2C EMC/2012 humano. Existe peligro de su expansión mundial. El virus, en sus diversas cepas, causa neumonía grave y fallo renal.

      The World Health Organization (WHO) urged that surveillance for the virus, called human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012, should be extended to all countries worldwide, with a special focus on all clusters of severe pneumonia, particularly in health workers. Epidemiologists say that the nebulous threat requires close monitoring, by investigating and controlling any new clusters of human cases that could signal that the virus has adapted to spread between people more easily.

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The coronavirus, first reported on 20 September, causes severe pneumonia and often kidney failure. In the nine cases confirmed so far, it has had a death rate of more than 50%. “It’s an extremely serious disease; it’s very much in the category of H5N1 [avian influenza],” says David Heymann, chairman of the UK Health Protection Agency and former head of the communicable-diseases programme at the WHO during the 2003 SARS epidemic, caused by a different coronavirus.